National Diabetes Month: Preparing for Diabetic Emergencies

November is recognized nationally as Diabetes Month; a time to raise awareness about the millions of Americans living with diabetes and pre-diabetes. Diabetes is not an abstract health crisis; it's a daily challenge for many of your neighbors, friends, and family right here in our community. Knowing the warning signs of a diabetic emergency helps save precious time and lives.

Why We Care: Diabetic Emergency Signs

The primary emergencies related to diabetes fall into two categories:

1. Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)

This is the most common and often the most dangerous emergency we face related to diabetes. When blood sugar drops too low, the brain doesn't receive enough fuel.

• EMS Action: The North Jefferson County crews are trained to immediately check blood sugar. If the patient is conscious and can swallow, we administer a quick-acting source of glucose (like oral glucose gel). If the patient is unconscious or cannot safely swallow, we administer IV Dextrose or Glucagon to stabilize them.

  
  

• What It Looks Like: Symptoms can mimic intoxication or a stroke. Look for confusion, slurred speech, sudden personality changes (irritable or aggressive), extreme shakiness, or loss of consciousness.

  
  

2. Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar)

This condition, which can lead to Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) or Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS), develops more slowly but is life-threatening.

• EMS Action: We focus on supportive care, rapid fluid resuscitation, monitoring the patient's heart rhythm, and immediate transport for definitive hospital care.

  
  

• What It Looks Like: Symptoms include extreme thirst, frequent urination, dry/flushed skin, abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, and deep, labored breathing (Kussmaul respirations). In severe cases, the breath may have a fruity odor.

  
  

Actionable Tips: Be Prepared for a Diabetic Emergency

For those living with diabetes and their families, preparation is the best tool for prevention.

1. Wear Medical ID

This is the single most important step you can take. A medical alert bracelet or necklace immediately tells our first responders what they are dealing with when you cannot speak for yourself. It allows us to perform the proper blood sugar checks and administer lifesaving care without delay.

2. Create a Go-Bag

Keep a small, easy-to-find bag with essential supplies:

• Your Glucometer and testing strips.

  
  

• A quick source of sugar (glucose tablets, juice box, or hard candy).

  
  

• A copy of your medication list, including the type and dosage of insulin and other diabetes medications.

  
  

3. Know the "15-15 Rule"

If you suspect or test for low blood sugar:

1. Consume 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrate (e.g., 4 oz. of juice, 3-4 glucose tablets).

   
   

2. Wait 15 minutes, then recheck your blood sugar.

   
   

3. If it’s still low, repeat the process.

   
   

4. When to Call 911

• If the person is unconscious or having a seizure.

  
  

• If the person is conscious but cannot safely swallow to take oral glucose.

  
  

• If symptoms of low sugar do not improve 15 minutes after taking a quick-acting sugar source.

  
  

A Call to Prevention and Partnership

As your local EMS provider, the goal at North Jefferson County EMS is always to treat emergencies, but we are passionate about prevention. The overall diabetes rate in Missouri is high, and your health is our community's health.

This November, please take the time to check your own risk, speak to your doctor about getting your A1C tested, and ensure that a loved one with diabetes has their emergency plan in place.

The more prepared you are, the faster we can help.